Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys)

EU-27 trade, 2005–2025

EU-27 imports and exports – with non-EU countries or within the EU (arrivals reported by EU countries and their dispatches to other EU countries) – in tonnes, euro or as unit value; the current year – monthly data (incomplete year).

extra-EU imports extra-EU exports 2026* – data for 2026-01/2026-08 (incomplete year, hollow marker, no line)

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (monthly data) – latest data: 2026-08 (intra-EU: 2026-07); retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2026-11-13 (period 2026-09)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 trade – Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys) – extra-EU, tonnes of product mass

Year	extra-EU imports	extra-EU exports	Balance
2005	22,641	3,895	−18,746
2006	27,376	4,513	−22,863
2007	44,516	7,249	−37,267
2008	33,810	6,644	−27,166
2009	32,808	12,360	−20,448
2010	36,971	7,453	−29,518
2011	40,694	12,041	−28,653
2012	40,132	13,073	−27,058
2013	35,017	5,548	−29,469
2014	41,284	2,496	−38,788
2015	52,330	3,268	−49,062
2016	67,570	5,579	−61,991
2017	72,519	5,338	−67,181
2018	79,294	9,535	−69,760
2019	61,406	6,097	−55,309
2020	40,719	6,122	−34,597
2021	39,020	5,858	−33,162
2022	26,087	8,468	−17,619
2023	37,533	4,799	−32,734
2024	19,033	5,081	−13,952
2025	17,541	5,411	−12,130
2026 2026-01/2026-08	11,686	5,507	−6,179

tonnes of product mass. Balance = exports − imports.

Class balance in the EU-27, 2025

EU-27 sold production (PRODCOM) and extra-EU imports make up supply; supply is apparent consumption plus extra-EU exports. Band widths are proportional to tonnes (one scale); intra-EU trade is a loop – it moves products between EU countries and does not change the EU-27 balance.

Source: Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358 and DS-059367, Comext DS-045409; compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Production, imports, exports and apparent consumption – within PRODCOM code 24.43.11.50 (all classes of the code and the CN codes of its scope); intra-EU trade – the class CN codes.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)
Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358, DS-059367 – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-07 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 balance – Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys), 2025

Balance item	Mass (t)
EU-27 sold production	204,665
Extra-EU imports	17,541
EU-27 supply	222,206
Extra-EU exports	5,411
Apparent consumption	216,795
Intra-EU trade (class)	107,196

PRODCOM production and apparent consumption

EU-27 sold production according to PRODCOM (codes 24.43.11.50) and apparent consumption = production + extra-EU imports − extra-EU exports. Eurostat flags above the bars: E – estimate, R – rounded value; C – confidential value (no bar, not filled in).

EU-27 sold production (t) apparent consumption (t) E – Eurostat estimate, R – rounded, C – confidential (no bar), “–” – gap

Source: Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358 and DS-059367 (sold production), Comext DS-045409 (trade for apparent consumption); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Scope of PRODCOM code 24.43.11.50 (classes: Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys)). Sold production (excluding production for own use). Years without figures – no EU-27 production (confidentiality, no code, unreliable value – X) or an ambiguous CN code.
Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358, DS-059367 – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-07 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 sold production and apparent consumption – Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys), 2005–2025

Year	Sold production (t)	Quantity flag	Value (EUR)	Apparent consumption (t)
2005	gap		–	–
2006	347,574		368,886,818	370,437
2007	397,470		721,518,061	434,737
2008	335,136	R	537,719,341	362,302
2009	222,016	R	266,680,703	242,464
2010	223,075	R	356,788,542	252,593
2011	251,241	R	425,686,178	279,894
2012	210,440	R	333,146,213	237,499
2013	195,787	R	348,596,564	225,256
2014	230,859	R	363,127,301	269,647
2015	235,032	R	389,324,345	284,094
2016	232,846	R	400,404,444	294,837
2017	221,479	R	426,834,838	288,660
2018	206,791	R	386,697,974	276,551
2019	212,030	R	367,636,425	267,339
2020	193,394		309,378,425	227,992
2021	222,094		390,122,680	255,255
2022	201,247		424,696,238	218,866
2023	219,807		426,860,070	252,541
2024	209,494		437,349,368	223,446
2025	204,665		468,809,077	216,795

EU-27 countries, 2025

Mass balance of a country (exports − imports, all partners, including other EU countries) or the country share of exports or imports of the 27 EU countries. Plants of the class on a map – figure 8.

export surplus ≥ 7,597 texport surplus 1,899 t–7,597 texport surplus < 1,899 tbalance ≈ 0import surplus < 1,899 timport surplus 1,899 t–7,597 timport surplus ≥ 7,597 tno figure (confidential exports)non-EU countries

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Trade of EU-27 countries with all partners (WORLD); share – of the 27-country total. Balance thresholds – 10% and 40% of the largest absolute balance. The country map uses the declarations of the country itself (its exports and imports), the flow map – import declarations of the partners (country of consignment); differences are asymmetries of intra-EU trade statistics (transit, triangular trade, confidentiality). Base map: Natural Earth (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 countries in the trade of the class – Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys), 2025

Country	Imports (t)	Exports (t)	Balance (t)	Share of EU-27 imports (%)	Share of EU-27 exports (%)	Intra-EU dispatches according to partner declarations (t)
Belgium	699	16,711	+16.0 thousand t	0.6	15.3	15,013
Sweden	3	8,546	+8,543 t	0.0	7.9	11,415
Bulgaria	9,379	16,364	+6,985 t	7.5	15.0	10,675
Slovakia	183	5,651	+5,467 t	0.2	5.2	4,343
France	111	5,148	+5,038 t	0.1	4.7	10,288
Estonia	0	2,750	+2,750 t	0.0	2.5	2,677
Italy	8,758	10,980	+2,222 t	7.0	10.1	16,255
Romania	601	2,238	+1,637 t	0.5	2.1	2,630
Croatia	9	424	+416 t	0.0	0.4	100
Austria	1,229	1,581	+352 t	1.0	1.5	3,393
Cyprus	0	0	0 t	0.0	0.0	0
Malta	0	0	0 t	0.0	0.0	0
Ireland	0	0	−0.1 t	0.0	0.0	0
Denmark	18	13	−4.5 t	0.0	0.0	13
Netherlands	90	0	−89.8 t	0.1	0.0	0
Lithuania	95	0	−95.4 t	0.1	0.0	96
Luxembourg	137	0	−137 t	0.1	0.0	0
Hungary	853	0	−853 t	0.7	0.0	0
Portugal	1,442	0	−1,442 t	1.2	0.0	67
Poland	15,888	14,356	−1,532 t	12.7	13.2	14,106
Czechia	11,087	6,251	−4,836 t	8.9	5.7	5,304
Finland	7,655	0	−7,655 t	6.1	0.0	0
Spain	12,020	4,126	−7,894 t	9.6	3.8	1,256
Slovenia	10,929	334	−10.6 thousand t	8.8	0.3	0
Greece	15,157	4,036	−11.1 thousand t	12.2	3.7	4,565
Germany	28,397	9,404	−19.0 thousand t	22.8	8.6	4,187
Latvia	0	confidential (C)	–	0.0	–	814

Intra-EU flows, 2025

Arcs run from the country of consignment to the country of destination (arrivals reported by an EU country by country of consignment); width proportional to the square root of mass.

Arc: consignment → destination10.0 thousand t2,000 t200 t

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Arrivals of EU countries by country of consignment (EU-27 partners); pairs sorted by mass, descending. Arc width – proportional to the square root of mass (reference widths in the legend). The country map uses the declarations of the country itself (its exports and imports), the flow map – import declarations of the partners (country of consignment); differences are asymmetries of intra-EU trade statistics (transit, triangular trade, confidentiality). Base map: Natural Earth (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

Intra-EU flows – Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys), 2025

Flow (consignment → destination)	Mass (t)	Value (EUR)
France → Germany	10,059	26,852,101
Italy → Finland	7,528	17,608,453
Sweden → Poland	6,311	15,770,122
Bulgaria → Greece	6,125	13,209,849
Belgium → Germany	6,001	12,449,444
Sweden → Italy	4,641	15,795,824
Poland → Czechia	4,421	9,475,716
Poland → Germany	4,175	10,337,030
Belgium → Czechia	3,931	8,703,751
Italy → Bulgaria	3,600	3,234,709
Poland → Spain	3,162	6,821,357
Bulgaria → Slovenia	3,003	6,420,008
Germany → Poland	2,879	7,493,167
Austria → Slovenia	2,591	8,304,226
Italy → Greece	2,562	2,336,277
Slovakia → Poland	2,306	4,079,034
Czechia → Slovenia	2,303	4,802,792
Greece → Bulgaria	2,227	2,225,714
Romania → Bulgaria	1,958	4,411,090
Greece → Germany	1,805	6,570,826
Belgium → Italy	1,772	6,111,185
Czechia → Poland	1,415	2,824,609
Belgium → Spain	1,359	2,479,883
Estonia → Poland	1,336	2,746,150
Slovakia → Germany	1,276	2,390,789
Estonia → Germany	1,270	2,855,164
Poland → Austria	1,182	3,220,676
Belgium → Greece	960	3,120,092
Italy → Czechia	906	2,059,288
Czechia → Greece	895	1,958,068
Belgium → Poland	855	1,763,515
Bulgaria → Germany	794	2,523,965
Latvia → Germany	792	1,570,209
Italy → Germany	726	2,598,379
Slovakia → Czechia	694	1,361,670
Czechia → Germany	639	1,397,458
Italy → Slovenia	562	2,011,145
Germany → Czechia	533	2,159,710
Poland → Greece	485	932,745
Romania → Poland	481	1,183,564
Greece → Italy	412	5,703,242
Spain → Germany	394	1,374,462
Spain → Portugal	380	631,562
Bulgaria → Hungary	378	1,010,645

Non-EU partners, 2025

The ten largest non-EU suppliers and customers; arrows from the partner to the EU (imports) or from the EU to the partner (exports), width proportional to the square root of mass.

1. Pakistan* · 4,724 t
2. Ukraine · 2,344 t
3. Mexico* · 1,748 t
5. Lebanon* · 1,171 t
6. Albania · 912 t
7. Egypt* · 806 t
8. Türkiye · 692 t
10. United Kingdom · 480 t

Arrow from/to the EU-27 point (notional centre of the EU area); number – rank and mass2,000 t500 t100 t * country outside the frame – notional point on the map edge in the direction from the EU; arrow direction notional

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Shares and concentration – of extra-EU trade mass (including unspecified partners). Base map: Natural Earth (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 imports by country of origin – Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys), 2025

#	Country	Mass (t)	Value (EUR)	Share (%)
1	Pakistan	4,724	10,937,595	26.9
2	Ukraine	2,344	4,155,108	13.4
3	Mexico	1,748	4,410,231	10.0
4	Cameroon	1,718	3,059,336	9.8
5	Lebanon	1,171	3,377,001	6.7
6	Albania	912	4,647,065	5.2
7	Egypt	806	1,669,429	4.6
8	Türkiye	692	1,239,859	3.9
9	Zimbabwe	508	876,392	2.9
10	United Kingdom	480	1,031,971	2.7

Product chain

Place of the class in the processing chain: unwrought metal, preceding classes, the class, following classes and scrap. Nodes are classes of the dictionary (links); the current class – in the accent colour.

The scheme orders the classes of the dictionary by processing stage (family rules in the portal code: same material, a derived product after the non-derived one; links named explicitly – e.g. cans from can stock, die castings from casting alloys, coated steel from galvanizing alloys, lead sheet and oxides from refined lead, lead-acid batteries from lead alloys and lead oxide); an arrow does not mean deliveries between specific plants. Feed and scrap – CN headings of the metal, not dictionary classes (lead – scrap only: unwrought lead is in the dictionary classes).

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

Product chain – Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys)

Name	Stage	CN
Antimonial unwrought lead (PbSb alloys)	Class	7801 91 00
Other articles of lead (pipes, bars, wire, shielding, anodes)	Following classes	7806 00 10 7806 00 80
Lead-acid starter batteries	Following classes	8507 10 20 8507 10 80
Other lead-acid batteries (traction, stationary)	Following classes	8507 20 20 8507 20 80
lead scrap	Scrap	7802

Figure 8. Map of plants

Source: ai-waw.com Companies register (entries from primary documents), as of 2026-11-04, version 2.49. plants without coordinates are not on the map. Base map: Natural Earth (public domain). Location of some plants: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata

Producers

Each entry from a primary document (class A/B/C and document page), with the verification date and the entity controlling the plant (GLEIF Level 2 or company documents).

9

producing plants (incl. outside the EU) of which in the EU-27: 8

9

companies

7

countries

0.0%

non-EU control – plants in the EU-27

Corporate groups (a company without a group counted separately): 9
Non-EU control – plants in the EU-27: 0 of 6 plants with an established controller (8 of 9 producing plants are in the EU-27; plants outside the EU are out of scope of the indicator; ownership control logic and area).
No document states a capacity for this class – no sum is computed.

Compare the first 5 producers

Plant country all BelgiumCzechiaItalyPolandSpainSwedenTürkiye

Entry status all producedplanned productionproduction ended

Ownership control all controller in the EU-27controller outside the EUcontroller not established

Capacity from a document all statednot stated

Show

Alloys and standards

Materials, product standards and synonyms of this class from the alloy and standard glossary.

The glossary has no materials of this class with a documented basis yet.

Product standards

• EN 12548 Lead and lead alloys - Lead alloy ingots for electric cable sheathing and for sleeves

Synonyms

PL

ołów antymonowy · ołów twardy

EN

antimonial unwrought lead · hard lead

DE

Blei in Rohform, Antimon als gewichtsmäßig vorherrschendes anderes Element enthaltend (CN label (DE)) · Hartblei

Full alloy and standard glossary →

Related

• Country lead flow analyses: Lead Flows in Poland
• Ownership control of the producers: Ownership control (product filter)
• Companies list and map filtered to this class: Companies
• Production technologies: charge and melt analysis · melting and casting · protective atmospheres, gases and utilities · smelting and refining · scrap recycling and sorting A picture of the supply market – not a commercial recommendation.

Data freshness

Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data)

latest data: 2025 · retrieved: 2026-11-04 · next update: 2027-02 (period 2026) full year 2026 – after the December data release (February 2027); annual data may be revised in later releases

Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (monthly data)

latest data: 2026-08 (intra-EU: 2026-07) · retrieved: 2026-11-04 · next update: 2026-11-13 (period 2026-09)

Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358, DS-059367

latest data: 2025 · retrieved: 2026-11-04 · next update: 2027-07 (period 2026) first release of annual data in mid-July of the following year; revisions – mid-month (ESMS metadata prom_esms, item 8.1)

How to cite

Method note

Entry only from a primary document

A class is assigned to a plant only when a primary document names it – a product data sheet, an annual report, a register or a company page describing the product – with the document page and a reliability class (A, B or C). Press and company directories without a company document are not a basis for an entry.

Assignment from a location document

When a company document describes the product and only a location page points to the plant, the assignment of the product to the plant is an inference – the source then has class C and the entry awaits confirmation by a plant document.

“Full range” is not an entry

A general claim (“full range of copper products”) without the class, dimensions or alloys does not create an entry. A plant without an entry may make the class – the register does not know.

Capacity only from a document

Class capacity (kt) – only when a document states it; no estimates and no split of a whole plant’s capacity into classes. The sum covers only plants with a stated capacity and is a lower bound – always given with the number of plants it covers.

Entry status

Produced, planned production (investment announced in a document), production ended. A closed plant – production ended. Key figures – “produced” only.

Ownership control

The entity controlling the plant and its country – as in Ownership control (GLEIF Level 2, GLEIF exceptions, groups from company documents). The non-EU share is computed only among producers located in the EU-27 with an established controller (as the default area of Ownership control); a plant outside the EU – e.g. in Türkiye, the United Kingdom, Switzerland or Serbia – is out of scope of the indicator, although it counts among plants and countries.

Trade and production

Eurostat Comext: EU-27 extra-EU and intra-EU trade (arrivals reported by EU countries), CN codes of the class (sum of the codes), tonnes and euro, 2005–2025 plus the current incomplete year (hollow marker, no line); sold production – PRODCOM (a code may cover several classes); apparent consumption = production + extra-EU imports − extra-EU exports within the PRODCOM code scope. A CN code may cover products of other classes (e.g. rods and sections in one code) – trade describes CN codes, not the plants of the register.

Metals kept apart

Each class belongs to one metal (aluminium, copper, lead, zinc). Each metal has its own page; the metals share a family layout – five semi-finished product families (wire rod and wire; bars and sections; plate, sheet and strip; foil; tubes), families outside semi-finished products (unwrought alloys – feedstock, powders and dust, chemical compounds, anodes and other articles – currently zinc and lead only; unwrought metal – refined lead) and derived products; split by material within a family. A family without classes of a metal shows “–” with a description in the comparison table. Header figures and trade totals are given separately for each metal – tonnes of different metals are never added up. Derived products (e.g. winding wire, structures, cans, stranded wire, zinc-coated steel, die castings) are marked and are not semi-finished products; tonnes of coated steel are the mass of the product, not of zinc, and tonnes of lead-acid batteries are battery mass, not lead. A class outside the metal trade total (coated steel, zinc oxide, die castings without a CN code, lead oxides, batteries) carries a note with the reason.

Counterpart in the other metal

A copper ↔ aluminium substitution pair (e.g. wire, coiled tubes, strip, stranded wire) comes from the dictionary field or from the portal map of pairs. The comparison shows the figures of both classes side by side, without a total, and the application sentence has no figures; a pair does not mean interchangeability in every application.

Links by metal

Copper classes have a form in the R02 forecast and the EU copper flow analysis; aluminium classes – the EU aluminium flow analysis and the country analyses; zinc classes – the EU zinc flow analysis and the country analysis for Poland; lead classes – the country analysis for Poland (the R01 and R02 forecasts cover copper only). An analysis link given with the class takes precedence.

Dataset scope

The dataset covers copper and aluminium semi-finished products and their alloys, and zinc products (titanium-zinc sheet, unwrought alloys, powders and dust, anodes, derived products) and lead products (refined lead, unwrought alloys, sheet, powders, other articles, lead oxides and lead-acid batteries) at plants of the Companies register. Counts of plants, countries and groups and the capacity sum are a lower bound of the market – they grow with further documents.

Pages and Markdown are open to text and data mining with attribution; JSON data – like the other JSON data of the register – are reserved as a database compilation. Trade data: Eurostat (reuse with attribution).

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