Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil

EU-27 trade, 2005–2025

EU-27 imports and exports – with non-EU countries or within the EU (arrivals reported by EU countries and their dispatches to other EU countries) – in tonnes, euro or as unit value; the current year – monthly data (incomplete year).

extra-EU imports extra-EU exports 2026* – data for 2026-01/2026-08 (incomplete year, hollow marker, no line)

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (monthly data) – latest data: 2026-08 (intra-EU: 2026-07); retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2026-11-13 (period 2026-09)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 trade – Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil – extra-EU, tonnes of product mass

Year	extra-EU imports	extra-EU exports	Balance
2005	7,751	35,662	27,911
2006	13,775	34,934	21,159
2007	10,704	44,390	33,686
2008	10,814	44,101	33,287
2009	8,564	43,969	35,405
2010	13,295	43,704	30,409
2011	12,269	37,548	25,278
2012	16,370	25,831	9,461
2013	15,664	24,233	8,569
2014	14,192	26,580	12,388
2015	12,747	23,747	11,001
2016	9,416	25,775	16,360
2017	8,636	26,363	17,727
2018	9,553	25,004	15,452
2019	6,769	17,611	10,842
2020	6,991	14,934	7,943
2021	10,067	9,050	−1,016
2022	11,095	12,078	982
2023	14,371	9,869	−4,502
2024	14,245	10,818	−3,427
2025	13,581	12,429	−1,153
2026 2026-01/2026-08	9,963	6,986	−2,977

tonnes of product mass. Balance = exports − imports.

PRODCOM code group balance in the EU-27, 2025

EU-27 sold production (PRODCOM) and extra-EU imports make up supply; supply is apparent consumption plus extra-EU exports. Band widths are proportional to tonnes (one scale); intra-EU trade is a loop – it moves products between EU countries and does not change the EU-27 balance.

Source: Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358 and DS-059367, Comext DS-045409; compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Production, imports, exports and apparent consumption – within PRODCOM code 24.43.21.00 (all classes of the code and the CN codes of its scope); intra-EU trade – the class CN codes. Production flag R – value rounded by Eurostat (R).
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)
Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358, DS-059367 – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-07 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 balance – PRODCOM group 24.43.21.00 (2 classes, including Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil), 2025

Balance item	Mass (t)
EU-27 sold production (code group)	81,000 (R)
Extra-EU imports (code group)	13,776
EU-27 supply (code group)	94,776
Extra-EU exports (code group)	14,819
Apparent consumption (code group)	79,957
Intra-EU trade (class)	56,523

PRODCOM production and apparent consumption

EU-27 sold production according to PRODCOM (codes 24.43.21.00) and apparent consumption = production + extra-EU imports − extra-EU exports. Eurostat flags above the bars: E – estimate, R – rounded value; C – confidential value (no bar, not filled in). The PRODCOM code also covers classes: Lead powders and flakes .

EU-27 sold production (t) Eurostat estimate (E) apparent consumption (t) E – Eurostat estimate, R – rounded, C – confidential (no bar), “–” – gap

Source: Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358 and DS-059367 (sold production), Comext DS-045409 (trade for apparent consumption); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Scope of PRODCOM code 24.43.21.00 (classes: Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil, Lead powders and flakes). Sold production (excluding production for own use). Years without figures – no EU-27 production (confidentiality, no code, unreliable value – X) or an ambiguous CN code.
Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358, DS-059367 – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-07 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 sold production and apparent consumption – PRODCOM group 24.43.21.00 (2 classes, including Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil), 2005–2025

Year	Sold production (t)	Quantity flag	Value (EUR)	Apparent consumption (t)
2005	gap		–	–
2006	156,496		191,067,634	135,256
2007	161,017		284,309,598	127,451
2008	150,171	E	257,779,604	116,142
2009	119,298		193,232,967	83,102
2010	114,199		202,484,078	83,537
2011	107,889		219,312,234	68,591
2012	82,306		163,343,404	72,084
2013	112,530		197,561,329	116,159
2014	110,375		187,002,625	98,358
2015	108,348		180,633,134	97,636
2016	95,250		174,455,776	78,072
2017	119,239		258,481,408	101,526
2018	103,275		226,727,137	87,554
2019	116,857		238,969,092	105,695
2020	91,448		190,581,416	82,118
2021	100,000	R	250,000,000	97,754
2022	77,806	E	210,000,000	73,945
2023	80,000	R	240,000,000	82,116
2024	75,545		210,566,267	77,379
2025	81,000	R	200,000,000	79,957

EU-27 countries, 2025

Mass balance of a country (exports − imports, all partners, including other EU countries) or the country share of exports or imports of the 27 EU countries. Plants of the class on a map – figure 8.

export surplus ≥ 8,190 texport surplus 2,048 t–8,190 texport surplus < 2,048 tbalance ≈ 0import surplus < 2,048 timport surplus 2,048 t–8,190 timport surplus ≥ 8,190 tnon-EU countries

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Trade of EU-27 countries with all partners (WORLD); share – of the 27-country total. Balance thresholds – 10% and 40% of the largest absolute balance. The country map uses the declarations of the country itself (its exports and imports), the flow map – import declarations of the partners (country of consignment); differences are asymmetries of intra-EU trade statistics (transit, triangular trade, confidentiality). Base map: Natural Earth (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 countries in the trade of the class – Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil, 2025

Country	Imports (t)	Exports (t)	Balance (t)	Share of EU-27 imports (%)	Share of EU-27 exports (%)	Intra-EU dispatches according to partner declarations (t)
Czechia	264	20,739	+20.5 thousand t	0.4	28.3	20,027
Greece	1,242	4,880	+3,638 t	1.8	6.7	3,219
Italy	1,111	4,245	+3,134 t	1.6	5.8	1,070
Germany	21,816	24,228	+2,413 t	31.1	33.1	19,710
Netherlands	8,011	9,049	+1,039 t	11.4	12.4	5,967
Ireland	4,292	4,746	+454 t	6.1	6.5	353
Slovenia	55	412	+357 t	0.1	0.6	18
Spain	1,065	1,368	+303 t	1.5	1.9	1,119
Cyprus	0	0	0 t	0.0	0.0	0
Malta	12	0	−12.1 t	0.0	0.0	0
Sweden	70	38	−32 t	0.1	0.1	25
Latvia	71	21	−50.2 t	0.1	0.0	225
Lithuania	53	2	−51.3 t	0.1	0.0	5
Finland	137	70	−67 t	0.2	0.1	1
Croatia	143	67	−75.6 t	0.2	0.1	0
Luxembourg	110	13	−97.1 t	0.2	0.0	5
Denmark	103	4	−98.4 t	0.2	0.0	3
Hungary	165	39	−126 t	0.2	0.1	3
Slovakia	307	120	−188 t	0.4	0.2	2
Estonia	202	0	−202 t	0.3	0.0	1
Portugal	240	25	−215 t	0.3	0.0	28
Romania	518	0	−518 t	0.7	0.0	1
Austria	919	8	−911 t	1.3	0.0	240
Poland	1,663	545	−1,118 t	2.4	0.7	261
Bulgaria	3,339	1	−3,338 t	4.8	0.0	3
Belgium	7,836	1,027	−6,810 t	11.2	1.4	2,076
France	16,360	1,657	−14.7 thousand t	23.3	2.3	2,161

Intra-EU flows, 2025

Arcs run from the country of consignment to the country of destination (arrivals reported by an EU country by country of consignment); width proportional to the square root of mass.

Arc: consignment → destination10.0 thousand t2,000 t500 t

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Arrivals of EU countries by country of consignment (EU-27 partners); pairs sorted by mass, descending. Arc width – proportional to the square root of mass (reference widths in the legend). The country map uses the declarations of the country itself (its exports and imports), the flow map – import declarations of the partners (country of consignment); differences are asymmetries of intra-EU trade statistics (transit, triangular trade, confidentiality). Base map: Natural Earth (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

Intra-EU flows – Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil, 2025

Flow (consignment → destination)	Mass (t)	Value (EUR)
Czechia → Germany	19,766	58,764,859
Germany → France	9,865	26,502,242
Greece → Bulgaria	3,219	5,454,283
Netherlands → France	3,102	6,444,515
Germany → Netherlands	2,860	10,828,509
Netherlands → Belgium	2,740	5,530,009
Germany → Belgium	2,700	7,279,318
Belgium → Netherlands	2,028	5,423,906
Germany → Poland	1,427	5,253,982
France → Greece	1,085	1,413,600
France → Belgium	924	1,987,889
Germany → Italy	720	1,850,387
Spain → Belgium	585	1,226,799
Italy → Austria	478	578,877
Germany → Romania	475	1,294,860
Germany → Austria	429	1,320,320
Ireland → Netherlands	353	1,078,311
Italy → France	245	845,168
Spain → Portugal	240	707,292
Austria → Spain	221	27,788
Germany → Czechia	216	1,347,707
Latvia → Netherlands	211	388,092

Non-EU partners, 2025

The ten largest non-EU suppliers and customers; arrows from the partner to the EU (imports) or from the EU to the partner (exports), width proportional to the square root of mass.

1. United Kingdom · 12.9 thousand t
2. China* · 333 t
3. Türkiye · 172 t
4. United States* · 54.2 t
5. Malaysia* · 43.6 t
6. Serbia · 14.4 t
7. Australia* · 8.8 t
8. Norway · 4.1 t
9. Switzerland · 1.5 t
10. South Korea* · 0.9 t

Arrow from/to the EU-27 point (notional centre of the EU area); number – rank and mass10.0 thousand t2,000 t500 t * country outside the frame – notional point on the map edge in the direction from the EU; arrow direction notional

Source: Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (class CN8 codes, EU-27); compiled by ai-waw.com – products dataset 2.2. Shares and concentration – of extra-EU trade mass (including unspecified partners). Base map: Natural Earth (public domain), Lambert conformal conic projection.
Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data) – latest data: 2025; retrieved: 2026-11-04; next update: 2027-02 (period 2026)

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

EU-27 imports by country of origin – Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil, 2025

#	Country	Mass (t)	Value (EUR)	Share (%)
1	United Kingdom	12,949	30,100,437	95.3
2	China	333	721,701	2.5
3	Türkiye	172	573,885	1.3
4	United States	54	1,084,551	0.4
5	Malaysia	44	175,013	0.3
6	Serbia	14	75,067	0.1
7	Australia	9	43,271	0.1
8	Norway	4	17,403	0.0
9	Switzerland	2	4,936	0.0
10	South Korea	1	20,614	0.0

Product chain

Place of the class in the processing chain: unwrought metal, preceding classes, the class, following classes and scrap. Nodes are classes of the dictionary (links); the current class – in the accent colour.

The scheme orders the classes of the dictionary by processing stage (family rules in the portal code: same material, a derived product after the non-derived one; links named explicitly – e.g. cans from can stock, die castings from casting alloys, coated steel from galvanizing alloys, lead sheet and oxides from refined lead, lead-acid batteries from lead alloys and lead oxide); an arrow does not mean deliveries between specific plants. Feed and scrap – CN headings of the metal, not dictionary classes (lead – scrap only: unwrought lead is in the dictionary classes).

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata Link

Figure data (table)

Product chain – Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil

Name	Stage	CN
Refined unwrought lead	Preceding classes	7801 10 00
Lead plates, sheets, strip and foil	Class	7804 11 00 7804 19 00
lead scrap	Scrap	7802

Figure 8. Map of plants

Source: ai-waw.com Companies register (entries from primary documents), as of 2026-11-04, version 2.49. plants without coordinates are not on the map. Base map: Natural Earth (public domain). Location of some plants: © OpenStreetMap contributors (ODbL).

CSV (all years) JSON Metadata

Producers

Each entry from a primary document (class A/B/C and document page), with the verification date and the entity controlling the plant (GLEIF Level 2 or company documents).

7

producing plants (incl. outside the EU) of which in the EU-27: 2

7

companies

3

countries

0.0%

non-EU control – plants in the EU-27

Corporate groups (a company without a group counted separately): 7
Non-EU control – plants in the EU-27: 0 of 1 plants with an established controller (2 of 7 producing plants are in the EU-27; plants outside the EU are out of scope of the indicator; ownership control logic and area).
No document states a capacity for this class – no sum is computed.

Compare the first 5 producers

Plant country all CzechiaItalyUnited Kingdom

Entry status all producedplanned productionproduction ended

Ownership control all controller in the EU-27controller outside the EUcontroller not established

Capacity from a document all statednot stated

Show

Alloys and standards

Materials, product standards and synonyms of this class from the alloy and standard glossary.

The glossary has no materials of this class with a documented basis yet.

Product standards

• EN 12588 Lead and lead alloys - Rolled lead sheet for building purposes
• DIN 59610 Lead and lead alloys - Rolled lead sheet for general purposes
• ASTM B749 Standard Specification for Lead and Lead Alloy Strip, Sheet, and Plate Products

Synonyms

PL

blacha ołowiana walcowana · blacha ołowiana

EN

rolled lead sheet · lead and lead alloy strip, sheet, and plate

DE

Bänder und Folien, aus Blei, mit einer Dicke "ohne Unterlage" von <= 0,2 mm (CN label (DE)) · Platten und Bleche, aus Blei; Bänder und Folien, aus Blei, mit einer Dicke "ohne Unterlage" von > 0,2 mm (CN label (DE)) · Gewalzte Bleche aus Blei

Full alloy and standard glossary →

Related

• Country lead flow analyses: Lead Flows in Poland
• Ownership control of the producers: Ownership control (product filter)
• Companies list and map filtered to this class: Companies
• Production technologies: charge and melt analysis · melting and casting · hot rolling · cold rolling · wire, bar and tube drawing · extrusion · heat treatment (annealing, solution treatment, ageing, brazing) · slitting and cutting to length · surface treatment and cleaning · quality control and materials testing · protective atmospheres, gases and utilities · smelting and refining · scrap recycling and sorting A picture of the supply market – not a commercial recommendation.

Data freshness

Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (annual data)

latest data: 2025 · retrieved: 2026-11-04 · next update: 2027-02 (period 2026) full year 2026 – after the December data release (February 2027); annual data may be revised in later releases

Eurostat, Comext DS-045409 (monthly data)

latest data: 2026-08 (intra-EU: 2026-07) · retrieved: 2026-11-04 · next update: 2026-11-13 (period 2026-09)

Eurostat, PRODCOM DS-059358, DS-059367

latest data: 2025 · retrieved: 2026-11-04 · next update: 2027-07 (period 2026) first release of annual data in mid-July of the following year; revisions – mid-month (ESMS metadata prom_esms, item 8.1)

How to cite

Method note

Entry only from a primary document

A class is assigned to a plant only when a primary document names it – a product data sheet, an annual report, a register or a company page describing the product – with the document page and a reliability class (A, B or C). Press and company directories without a company document are not a basis for an entry.

Assignment from a location document

When a company document describes the product and only a location page points to the plant, the assignment of the product to the plant is an inference – the source then has class C and the entry awaits confirmation by a plant document.

“Full range” is not an entry

A general claim (“full range of copper products”) without the class, dimensions or alloys does not create an entry. A plant without an entry may make the class – the register does not know.

Capacity only from a document

Class capacity (kt) – only when a document states it; no estimates and no split of a whole plant’s capacity into classes. The sum covers only plants with a stated capacity and is a lower bound – always given with the number of plants it covers.

Entry status

Produced, planned production (investment announced in a document), production ended. A closed plant – production ended. Key figures – “produced” only.

Ownership control

The entity controlling the plant and its country – as in Ownership control (GLEIF Level 2, GLEIF exceptions, groups from company documents). The non-EU share is computed only among producers located in the EU-27 with an established controller (as the default area of Ownership control); a plant outside the EU – e.g. in Türkiye, the United Kingdom, Switzerland or Serbia – is out of scope of the indicator, although it counts among plants and countries.

Trade and production

Eurostat Comext: EU-27 extra-EU and intra-EU trade (arrivals reported by EU countries), CN codes of the class (sum of the codes), tonnes and euro, 2005–2025 plus the current incomplete year (hollow marker, no line); sold production – PRODCOM (a code may cover several classes); apparent consumption = production + extra-EU imports − extra-EU exports within the PRODCOM code scope. A CN code may cover products of other classes (e.g. rods and sections in one code) – trade describes CN codes, not the plants of the register.

Metals kept apart

Each class belongs to one metal (aluminium, copper, lead, zinc). Each metal has its own page; the metals share a family layout – five semi-finished product families (wire rod and wire; bars and sections; plate, sheet and strip; foil; tubes), families outside semi-finished products (unwrought alloys – feedstock, powders and dust, chemical compounds, anodes and other articles – currently zinc and lead only; unwrought metal – refined lead) and derived products; split by material within a family. A family without classes of a metal shows “–” with a description in the comparison table. Header figures and trade totals are given separately for each metal – tonnes of different metals are never added up. Derived products (e.g. winding wire, structures, cans, stranded wire, zinc-coated steel, die castings) are marked and are not semi-finished products; tonnes of coated steel are the mass of the product, not of zinc, and tonnes of lead-acid batteries are battery mass, not lead. A class outside the metal trade total (coated steel, zinc oxide, die castings without a CN code, lead oxides, batteries) carries a note with the reason.

Counterpart in the other metal

A copper ↔ aluminium substitution pair (e.g. wire, coiled tubes, strip, stranded wire) comes from the dictionary field or from the portal map of pairs. The comparison shows the figures of both classes side by side, without a total, and the application sentence has no figures; a pair does not mean interchangeability in every application.

Links by metal

Copper classes have a form in the R02 forecast and the EU copper flow analysis; aluminium classes – the EU aluminium flow analysis and the country analyses; zinc classes – the EU zinc flow analysis and the country analysis for Poland; lead classes – the country analysis for Poland (the R01 and R02 forecasts cover copper only). An analysis link given with the class takes precedence.

Dataset scope

The dataset covers copper and aluminium semi-finished products and their alloys, and zinc products (titanium-zinc sheet, unwrought alloys, powders and dust, anodes, derived products) and lead products (refined lead, unwrought alloys, sheet, powders, other articles, lead oxides and lead-acid batteries) at plants of the Companies register. Counts of plants, countries and groups and the capacity sum are a lower bound of the market – they grow with further documents.

Pages and Markdown are open to text and data mining with attribution; JSON data – like the other JSON data of the register – are reserved as a database compilation. Trade data: Eurostat (reuse with attribution).

← All product classes · All companies