# Refined copper production, Europe outside the EU (GB, NO, CH, IS, Western Balkans, TR, UA), 2031 (forecast) – EUROPE_OTHER, 2031

**314.5 tys. t**

- Fact ID: `R01-S-EUROPE_OTHER-REFINED-2031`
- Label (PL): Produkcja miedzi rafinowanej, Europa poza UE (GB, NO, CH, IS, Bałkany Zach., TR, UA), 2031 (prognoza)
- Value (machine): 314.5
- 90% interval (5th–95th percentile of Monte Carlo draws): 275 to 359.5
- Unit: tys. t
- Period: 2031
- Area: EUROPE_OTHER
- Metal: cu
- Verification: forecast
- Note: Median (p50) of Monte Carlo draws; 90% interval (5th–95th percentile) after conformal calibration.
- Source: Refined copper production forecast 2026–2031 – ai-waw.com model (bottom-up model of mines and refining, model ensemble, Monte Carlo with 10,000 draws) (class C)
- Publisher: ai-waw.com (calculations); data: USGS, BGS, national agencies, company reports, ICSG (comparison)
- Forecast: [AIWAW-2026-R01 – Refined copper production 2026–2031](https://ai-waw.com/en/forecasts/refined-copper-production-2026-2031.md)

Cite: ai-waw.com, AIWAW-2026-R01 v1.3, fact R01-S-EUROPE_OTHER-REFINED-2031 – https://ai-waw.com/prognozy/produkcja-miedzi-rafinowanej-2026-2031